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Mesothelioma Mesothelioma, a form of cancer that is caused by asbestos exposure is a naturally occurring type of cancer. The disease usually develops for decades after exposure. Doctors treat mesothelioma using chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Treatment can help patients live longer. There are three types. The type of cell that composes the tumor, and its stage determines the prognosis. What is Mesothelioma? Mesothelioma, a form of cancer, forms in the mesothelium, thin layer of tissue covers internal organs. It is caused by exposure to asbestos which is a class of fibrous minerals. Asbestos exposure occurs when individuals take in or breathe in stray fibers. These asbestos particles stick to the lining of organs and cause irritation, leading to tumors. The diagnosis of mesothelioma may be confirmed by doctors when they look at the tumors and obtain a tissue sample, also known as a biopsy. Mesothelioma is classified by type by the type of cell found in the tumours. The three types of mesothelioma are epithelial (also called sarcomatoid) biphasic, sarcomatoid and epithelial. Epithelial mesothelioma is by far the most popular type which accounts for approximately 50% of all diagnoses. Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma accounts for 10% of all cases and has a poorer prognosis than the epithelial type. sioux falls mesothelioma attorneys has a mixture of epithelial and Sarcomatoid cells, and is responsible for 30 to 40% of all diagnoses. Mesothelioma symptoms include chest pain, abdominal discomfort and breathing difficulties. These symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses, which is why it is essential to consult a doctor if you have these symptoms. The treatment for mesothelioma can help reduce symptoms, slow tumor growth and prolong the lives of patients. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Palliative treatment is available to patients, which helps manage pain and discomfort. Doctors continue to study ways to treat mesothelioma and how it grows. The latest treatments include immunotherapy, which relies on your body's immune system to fight cancer. This is an experimental treatment that has shown promise for a few mesothelioma patients. Patients can also take part in clinical trials, which are studies of new therapies. Most often, mesothelioma patients get treated in specialist cancer centers where they have the opportunity to find doctors with expertise in treating the condition. Diagnosis A mesothelioma diagnosis is the initial step to receiving treatment that could prolong your life. Your doctor will review your symptoms and medical history to determine the type of mesothelioma you have. This is crucial as the three main mesothelioma cells types respond differently to treatment. The first test your doctor may order is a chest X-ray or CT scan. In this procedure, you lie on tables while the Xray or CT machine produces a detailed picture of your chest and the organs around it. A small dose of dye, usually iodine is typically administered prior the procedure. This makes the tissue of your abdomen or chest lighter, making it easier to observe. During this time, you could be asked to do an air test. If these tests reveal the possibility of a tumor or a mass that could be cancerous, your doctor might order the procedure of a biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of the sample from the tumor or mass via surgery or by inserting a needle into the region. The specimen is then analyzed under a microscope to search for mesothelioma cells. Our doctors may employ ultrasound to find enlarged lymph nodes that could be mesothelioma. This procedure is known as endobronchial Ultrasonography-guided needle biopsy, or EBNA. This procedure is carried out as an outpatient procedure, which means you can return home the next day. A mesothelioma specialist will also require your stage of the cancer. The stages are determined by the extent to which the cancer has spread and what kind of mesothelioma is it. A mesothelioma expert can provide you with a precise diagnosis to ensure that you receive the right treatment. Treatment The treatment plan of a mesothelioma patient is determined by the severity of the disease and their general health. Mesothelioma patients generally receive multimodal therapy which is a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. The first step in treating mesothelioma involves undergoing an examination for physical health and telling the doctor about any prior exposure to asbestos. Doctors can also request blood tests or imaging scans to look for mesothelioma and to rule out other illnesses. These include CT (computerized tomography) scans; MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans FDG-PET (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) scans; and mediastinoscopy (used to examine and sample lymph nodes in the chest cavity). The majority of mesothelioma-related pleural cases can be treated surgically. Patients may undergo a minimally-invasive procedure known as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VAT) or a CT-guided needle biopsy. Both surgeries are able to reduce symptoms and improve a patient's life expectancy. Chemotherapy, a treatment, uses drugs to kill cancerous cells and stop them from expanding. It is a standard treatment for mesothelioma and can improve survival. It can be given via intravenous (IV) drip or in pill form. Radiation is a different mesothelioma treatment that kills cancer cells and shrink tumors. It can be used to treat pleural cancers at different stages, and also to relieve pain and prolong the lifespan of patients. In the last stage of mesothelioma treatment doctors focus on controlling symptoms to extend the lifespan of patients as long as they can. This type of treatment is known as palliative care. While the mesothelioma-related survival rate is low however, there are many who have survived. For example paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, who was diagnosed with mesothelioma of the peritoneal region in 1982, lived for another 20 years before dying from complications from another illness. Signs and symptoms Many patients with mesothelioma experience symptoms for months or years before they are diagnosed. Early symptoms may be misinterpreted as other illnesses or overlooked. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial that you consult your physician immediately. The organs of your body are covered in a tissue layer known as mesothelium. This layer prevents them from rubbing together. Mesothelioma is a disease that affects the mesothel which form the lining of several of your organs. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the lining around your lungs. However, it may also be found in the lining of your heart (pericardium) or abdomen (peritoneum) and within the lining surrounding your testicles (tunica vaginalis). The earliest symptoms of mesothelioma include breathlessness or chest pain, as well as fatigue. Mesothelioma can also cause the accumulation of fluid in the chest wall and lungs which can cause pleural effusion. A pleural effusion can put pressure on the lungs, which can cause difficulty breathing and cough. The diagnosis of mesothelioma is made after a thorough medical examination and a review of the patient's history. They can request chest Xrays which can reveal signs of abnormalities like thickening of the lung lining or a buildup of fluid in the chest wall. You can also request an CT scan, MRI or PET scan to get a better look at your lungs or other tissues. They can also make use of ultrasound-guided needles for draining fluid from the pleura and peritoneum. A biopsy can assist in determining the type of mesothelioma cell that is forming the tumor, and how it is advancing. This can help doctors choose the best treatment options. Chemotherapy, radiation and surgery are the three kinds of standard mesothelioma treatments. The following is a list of preventatives. Mesothelioma is not preventable, but you can minimize the risk by avoiding those who are exposed to asbestos, and avoiding it. Exposure to asbestos may cause lung cancer as well as other ailments that affect the organ linings. Many types of mesothelioma exist and some of them are more serious than others. Certain types are more straightforward to treat than others. Asbestos is a group of minerals with microscopic fibers. Manufacturers employed asbestos in industrial and construction products without knowing of the dangers it poses. Blue-collar workers and veterans were particularly exposed to asbestos. Asbestos is now recognized to be a risk, and you should not live in a house or work in an old plant which has asbestos. If you have an history of exposure to asbestos or asbestos-related diseases, speak with your doctor about getting regular screening. X-rays, CT or MRI scanners will reveal any issues in your lungs, abdomen or stomach. A biopsy may also help identify an abnormality in the lining of your chest or stomach. Doctors can then analyze the tissue sample from that area to see if you have mesothelioma. It is possible that you have pleural mysothelioma, which affects the lining of your lungs. Other types include peritoneal mesothelioma pericardial mesothelioma or testicular mesothelioma. It can take years for mesothelioma to develop after exposure to asbestos. Even if it does, it can be difficult to identify. It often is misdiagnosed as a different illness or condition like lung cancer, pneumonia, or bronchitis. This can hinder you from receiving the proper treatment. Researchers are working to improve the diagnosis and developing tests to detect mesothelioma earlier. This could lead to better treatment and a higher survival rate. The research involves genetic tests to determine those most likely develop mesothelioma.